Scientific Calculator

Calculator

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It is an calculator is a gadget used to carry out calculations. Modern calculators usually incorporate general-purpose computing technology, but they are often designed to perform specific tasks. For example, graphing calculators focus on graph-centric mathematics, like trigonometry or statistical. In addition the latest calculators are much greater mobile than computers however some personal digital aids (PDAs) are similar in size and weight to hand-held calculators.

Although calculators tend to be small but in the future devices similar to credit cards could perform the exact calculations that are performed in larger scientific calculators. Another option for development is similar to a handheld computing device where the notes aren't being input by buttons but printed on a screen. In this manner, the requirement for buttons could be eliminated and overall dimensions of the device would be further reduced.

Overview

There was a time when Clerical aids, like abaci, Napier's bones and comptometers mathematical books, slides tables or mechanical adding machines were employed for numeric work. The word "calculator" denoted a person who earned a living using such aids , as for writing tools and pen. The semi-manual method of calculation was time-consuming and costly to make mistakes.

The latest calculators operate on electric power. They're available in a wide range of styles and sizes. From cheap gift-giving, credit card sizes to more robust machines with integrated printers.

Electronic calculators

Back in the day, calculators used to be larger than our current computers. These were among the first desktop mechanical calculators. They were later replaced with electromechanical desktop calculators and later, electronic calculators made use of first thermionics valves and later transistors, and then hard-wired circuit logic. Today, the majority calculators are handheld electronic gadgets.

Basic configuration

The sophistication of calculators is contingent with the intended use. A basic calculator can consist of the following components:

• An energy source which is a battery an solar panel or both
• A displaymade up out of light sources LED and liquid crystal (LCD) capable of showing various numbers (typically between 8 and 10.)
• Electronic circuitry
• A keypad with:
  • The ten digitsin ten, between 0 and 9
  • The decimal point
  • The equals sign, which is used to call for the answer
  • The four arithmetic functions (namely subtraction multiplication by subtraction and division)
  • A cancel buttonthat will stop the current calculation
  • On and off buttons
  • Other functions that are fundamental including square root and the percentage (%).
• Some models with more sophisticated features can include a single-number memory which can be saved should the need arise. It could also have a Cancel Entry buttonthat will eliminate any current numbers being entered.

In the past 10 years, basic calculators have been put in other small devices, such as smartphones, cell phones, and wrist watches.

Electronic calculators with advanced technology

Modern scientific calculators include trigonometric, statistical and other mathematical features. Modern calculators can display graphics , and incorporate functions of computers algebra systems. They are also programmeable. calculator applications include algebraic equation solvers , financial models in addition to games. The majority of calculators are able to print numbers that can be as large as 10 decimal point or digits that are fully displayed on the screen. Scientific notation can be used to write numbers from 9.999999999 to 9.999999999*10 ⁹⁹. If the number is larger or a mathematical formula produces more than the number entered (a typical example is entering "100! ", read as "100 factorial") then the calculator will show "error."

"Error" is also displayed when a function or operation , is not mathematically defined for example, division by zero, or even the zeros in negative numbers (most scientific calculators aren't able to handle complex numbers, though some of the more expensive models include specific functions working with them). Certain, but certainly not all, calculators are able to acknowledge these two kinds of "error," though when they do, they're hard for users to understand since they're typically referred to with the words "error 1" or "error 2."

Some companies create and sell modern professional engineering and finance calculators which are well-known. These include Casio, Sharp, Hewlett-Packard (HP), as well as Texas Instruments (TI). These calculators are a great examples that embedded programs are available.